Frank Washington, Former S.C. Department of Education administrator; NAACP leader, Columbia

English Language Arts

  • Have students read texts non-fiction and fiction about the creation of the NAACP.
  • Have students read texts about the history of education for African Americans.
  • Have students write essays about alternative means of education during slavery and segregation.


Social Studies

  • Introduce the Niagara Movement and the events leading to the creation of the NAACP.
  • Have students identify the original founders of the NAACP.
  • Introduce key African American figures: Carter G. Woodson, W.E.B. Dubois, Robert Smalls, and Booker T. Washington. Have students explain how the pioneering efforts of these men made it possible for Frank Washington to do his work.
  • Have students research former NAACP leaders in Columbia, the state, and the country.